ABSTRACT
Primary endobronchial presentation of anaplastic large cell lymphoma is rare in the paediatric age group. We present a 12-year-old boy with breathlessness, fever, cough and weight loss, who was misdiagnosed as a case of tuberculosis and started on antitubercular therapy, which showed no improvement. Chest X-ray showed a completely opacified left hemithorax and chest computed tomography revealed a mass encircling the left main bronchus with collapse– consolidation of the left lung. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy revealed a growth in the left main bronchus. Subsequently, fine-needle aspiration cytology and biopsy from the mass confirmed it to be a malignancy consistent with anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Metastatic work-up revealed no other sites of involvement. Chemotherapy resulted in rapid and complete regression of the tumour. No evidence of local or distant recurrence was reported after 18 months of follow-up. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this presentation as prompt diagnosis and treatment can give promising results. This case highlights the importance of timely tissue diagnosis in patients with non-resolving pyrexia and organ lesions on imaging.
ABSTRACT
Background: HIV presently accounts for the highest number of deaths attributable to any single infective agent. Opportunistic infections (OIs) and associated complications account for a considerable proportion of such mortality. Diarrhoea is among the most common symptom of HIV infection. During the natural course of HIV infection, there is a progressive loss of CD4 T cells. Autors’ aim is to study the prevalence of enteric pathogens in HIV patients with chronic diarrhea and their relationship with CD4 count.Methods: We analysed 186 HIV positive patients out of which 126 had chronic diarrhea and 60 patients presenting without diarrhea as controls. The faecal samples were subjected to microscopic examination. Zeihl Neelson’s Stain for mycobacterium, Kinyoun’s acid fast stain for microsporodia, stool culture for salmonella and shigella. All patients had barium meal contrast studies, USG of abdomen and pelvis. FNAC of peripheral lymph nodes and finally CD4+ Tcell count using BD FACS.Results: Total of 68,10,01 patients of HIV diarrhoea with identifiable cause had CD4 <200, 200-250 and >350 respectively. Among HIV diarrhoea without any identifiable cause 22, 17, 08 patients had CD 4 <200, 200-250 and >350 respectively. All diarrhoeal stool samples with Isopora had CD 4 <200, M. tuberculosis 26 patients CD4 <200, 12 had 200-350 and 03 had >350. Microsporodium 03 patients had CD4 >350. Finally, among stool samples with Cyclospora, E. histolytica, Giardia and Strongyloides all patients had CD 4<200.Conclusions: The present study highlights the importance of testing intestinal pathogens in HIV. Chronic diarrhoea was more common in patients with low CD4 counts.
ABSTRACT
In the present research program, polymer nanocomposites have been used as the drug carrier for delivery systems of anticancer drug. Chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (ALG) with different ratios were blended with different wt% of Cloisite 30B solution by solvent evaporation method. Cloisite 30B was incorporated in the formulation as a matrix material component which also plays the role of a co-emulsifier in the nanocomposite preparation. Curcumin with different concentrations were loaded with CS-ALG/ C 30B nanocomposites for studying the in-vitro drug delivery systems. Morphology and structure characterization of nanocomposites were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transmission Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) respectively. The drug release was studied by changing time, pH and drug concentrations. The kinetics of the drug release was studied in order to ascertain the type of release mechanism. Based on the diffusion as well as the kinetics, the mechanism of the drug release from the composite matrix has been reported.